As humans who have read a major area of our brain we can ‘recycle’

credit : allerin.com

Despite the long evolutionary history of our species, The humans have only been reading and writing for a few for the thousand years. New research suggests that we may have 'recycled' a key area of   the brain to help us understand the written word.

In tests conducted on Rhesus macaque monkeys, scientists have shown that an area in the prana brain called the defective temporal (IT) cortex can provide the information needed to make some sense of the strings of letters.

Without developing new areas of the brain to read specifically, humans may have reconstructed the same area of   the brain by developing the ability to recognize words - as they write - known as orthographic processing.

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In James Docker, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he said, "This work has opened up a possible link between a rapidly evolving perception of the nervous system of visual processing and an important intersecting behavior."

This idea of   applying the mind to process written words has also been suggested before. Dicarlo and his colleagues have previously explored the role of the IT cortex in responding to objects, including faces, using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Looking at how specific parts of the fragile temporal cortex are to identify words as we learn to read, they were also able to construct previous studies from similar researchers. However, it is not currently known how it works at the nerve level.

In the new experiments, the researchers monitored 500 different nerve locations using fitted electrodes, as it was found that there were approximately 2,000 words and non-words in animals. That data was fed into a computer model called a linear classfire, which was then trained to use measured functionality to make intelligent doubts about the nature of each string character.

“The potential of this method is that you don’t have to train the animals to do anything,” said MIT neuroscientist Sage Rajalingam. "All you have to do is to record these neural activity patterns as you flash a picture in front of the animals."

The model has shown that brain activity can provide the information needed for the emotion to perform orthographic tasks, including the interpretation of images to distinguish between words and non-words. In fact, the linear classfire can be used to describe this neural output with approximately 70 percent accuracy, similar to the study Bobas did in 2012.

Research has shown that non-human primates, including macaws, show much of the behavior and functioning of the brain, just like us, and that there is a big difference between how these monkeys look at words and how humans do it.

This study supports the idea that humans took the developing mechanisms of the degenerative temporal cortex and then reconstructed them to form a proper understanding of words and symbols - although research is definitely needed.

"These results suggest that untrained primates' IT cortex could serve as a precursor to orthographic processing, and that reading acquisition in humans depends on the recycling of brain networks developed for other visual functions," the researchers said.

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